Sociology: The Study of Culture Essay -- Sociology Essays

Ordinarily I have endeavored to understand the activities of others. I generally needed to realize why individuals of various sexual orientations, drops, and hues had certain social, cultural, and strict convictions. It got clear to me that all people are an immediate impression of their condition. As such, all people unwittingly, and once in a while deliberately, reflect and copy their condition and the things that they see. Each culture has their own individual generalizations and conviction frameworks. The purpose behind this is individuals place self-assertive implications on life's events dependent on those of the people which went before them. Thought examples of an individual are on the whole reliant upon the lessons of others. We see and comprehend the physical and social world dependent on the implications we connect to individuals, things, and activities. To lay it out plainly our psyches are completely guided by the power of different personalities that are progressively evolved than our own. This is each of the a piece of Sociological investigation. These investigations take a gander at the prevalent mentalities, conduct, and kinds of connections inside a general public. A general public is a gathering of individuals who have a comparable social foundation and live in a particular land region. be that as it may, before we get into this anyway Lets make a stride back and take a gander at the field where these examinations get from. Human science is a sociology that reviews people, gatherings, and organizations that make up human culture. It is a perception of how individuals identify with each other and to their surroundings. They additionally study the arrangement of gatherings; the reasons for different types of social conduct; and the job of houses of worship, schools, and different establishments inside a general public. Social conduct is concentrated widely in the field of s... ...rom every single mainstream practice. This incorporates staring at the TV, tuning in to radio or participating in any exercises which isn't in worship of their religion. To a Christian anyway this training would appear to be crazy. Their existence doesn't convey similar convictions. In spite of the fact that these are only a couple of models it gives you a thought of how a people geological area and social foundation can shape their people conviction. A large number of which are not drilled by other societies. On the off chance that you needed to all the more likely comprehend a people ways or why it is that individuals of various ethnic foundations have various convictions and practices. It is ideal to begin with attempting to get that people culture and their socialization procedure. When you start to get a handle on a comprehension and they way they have grew up then it will be more obvious why they get things done with a particular goal in mind.

The history of Christmas free essay sample

The History Of Christmas Christmas Time The custom of winter celebrations is a long-standing 1. Numerous human advancements accepted that the cold and dim of winter was a clasp when their Supreme creatures were in strife with adversaries, and they would maintain celebrations in control to help their divinities win. Scandinavia, where the develop of a # 8216 ; Yuletide # 8217 ; initially advanced, would see a time of a few yearss where the Sun did non demo at all in the profundity of winter, and would maintain a celebration in control to report its return. The winter solstice was other than the most down to earth cut for meals to be held: cowss which could non be taken care of through the winter were butchered in the pre-winter, and as a result the winter would be the one clasp when European provincials were destined to hold a supply of new meat, which should have been either salted, or eaten. Similarly the lager which had been fermented in the fall would be just prepared to soak up by the clasp that the winter celebrations happened. It is thus nothing unexpected that by the clasp of Christianity there was at that point an established history of celebrations which were held in late December. One of the most critical celebrations was the Roman Saturnalia # 8211 ; a gluttonous celebration where companions would be visited and nowadayss traded. Be that as it may, the 25th of December was other than hallowed to the Persian confidence of Mithraism, as the birthday of their God.The early Christian Church did non watch the introduction of Christ, wanting to focus on his perish and Resurrection at Easter. Christmas may hold been commended from each piece ahead of schedule as 98AD, however it was just in 350AD that Pope Julius I pronounced Christmas to be the 25th of December. The day of the period of Christ # 8217 ; s birth is non truly referenced in the Bible, and the nearness of shepherds croping their sheep on the slopes has driven numerous scriptural bookmans to suggest that Christ must hold been conceived throughout the spring. In any case, the pick of the 25th of December has impacted the improvement of the Christmas celebration irreversibly. Huge numbers of the conventions related with winter solstice celebrations consistently became segment of the Western custom of Christmas cut. Throughout the hundreds of years many have attempted to come back to a progressively grave celebration of Christ # 8217 ; s birth: Oliver Cromwell dropped Christmas after the occasions of the English Civil War, nauseated by the conduct of ordinary citizens on what should be an otherworldly celebration. The Puritans in Boston even pronounced Christmas illicit for a period in the seventeenth century, and at that spot was an OK for any individual who commended the crossroads. In spite of the fact that Christmas would non go a government excursion until 1870 in the US, the customs environing Christmas created and developed during the nineteenth and twentieth hundreds of years, to go the Christmas that we, and the strip malls of the universe, praise today. Christmas Furnishings A considerable lot of the built up Christmas cut conventions have little or nil to make with the scriptural history of Christ # 8217 ; s birth. Some existed for 100s, or 1000s of mature ages before Christianity, while others have developed, obviously out of nil, in the course of the last not many centuries.Evergreen trees and workss were as often as possible utilized in the profound celebrations of the past. Throughout the winter, when everything else was expiring, the go oning green of fir-trees and mistletoe was considered to represent the metempsychosis that would come in the spring. As an outcome evergreen leaf was utilized in winter celebrations by the Vikings, while Druids in Britain and France would embellish trees with leafy foods to pay tribute to their gather Gods. The Roman Saturnalia other than used to decorate their homes with trees embellished with tightens and other brilliant bangles. Orchestrating to legend, Martin Luther beautified trees with tightens to mirror the e xcellence of the stars. In England, the custom was restored by Prince Albert in 1841. The imperial family unit drove the way and Christmas trees turned into a set up bit of the gay season.Holly and Mistletoe have other than become a cardinal part of Christmas. Mistletoe was every now and again utilized by Druids. It was accepted to hold magical forces, and it was much of the time hung over entryways so as to keep up out malevolence impacts. The custom of snoging under the mistletoe may hold originate from Scandinavia, where mistletoe was related with the goddess of affection, Frigga. Due to its rapscallion affiliations, the Christian Church questioned mistletoe being utilized for Christmas celebrations. As a substitution they proposed holly, another evergreen, guaranteeing that the fresh foliages spoke to Christ # 8217 ; s Crown of aggravations, and the rosy berries represented dabs of his blood. Both workss have become a part of the regular festivities.The 12 yearss of Christmas do apparently hold a Christian start: they are the 12 yearss between Christmas twenty-four hours and the dinner of the Epiphany ( which blending to various readings is either the twenty-four hours of Christ # 8217 ; s absolution or the visit of the savvy work powers ) . It is viewed as terrible luck if the entirety of the Christmas adornments have non been brought somewhere near the terminal of the twelfth twenty-four hours # 8211 ; the sixth of January.Christmas cards developed in Germany in the fifteenth century. Instead of being welcome cards, they were reverential pictures to be hung in the spot, wishing the family unit a decent and fortunate twelvemonth. In the eighteenth century the convention started to turn, when regularly designed cards were utilized as visiting cards left for missing companions. Be that as it may, Christmas cards would make their extremum with the happening to the British mailing framework in the mid-nineteenth century. Since letters could be sent around the state at high speed and for low costs, Christmas cards got well known as a cheap way to guide Christmas needs to companions and family members that you would non see over the gay season.They were curiously famous as a card, sent in a questionable envelope cost just a large portion of a penny, a large portion of the money related estimation of a full letter.Father Christmas’ story is acceptable known. The first hypothetical record for Santa, was Saint Nicholas, the religious administrator of Myra. Blending to tale, he brought a dowery for three misss, who were exorbitantly hapless to happen hubbies. While they were kiping he put the blessing in their stockings, which were hanging by the fire to dry. The faction of Saint Nicholas spread across a lot of Europe, and St Nicholas’ Day, December sixth, was a twenty-four hours for giving and benevolence when guardians would offer nowadayss to their children. The idea of St Nicholas spread to America with the Dutch pioneers, and it was the American significance which changed Father Christmas into his present picture. Forgiving Moore’s sonnet ‘The Night Before Christmas’ , distributed in 1822, acquainted the universe with Father Christmas’ winging caribou, and the way that he conveyed nowadayss down smokestack tonss. We found what Santa Claus resembles, when a magazine called Harpers Weekly distributed a progression of pictures by the sketch artist Thomas Nash. His rosy suit with white fixingss came, coincidently, from St Nicholas, whose bishop’s robes would hold been bronzed and white. Boxing Day There are by and by two boss speculations about where the custom and name of # 8216 ; Boxing Day # 8217 ; originated from. Some case that most retainers needed to deal with Christmas Day itself, so they would only have the option to go forward the house and see their families on the undermentioned twenty-four hours, the 26th of December. This was the point at which the maestro or kept lady of the house would give the representatives their Christmas boxes. Over clasp the custom has extended, with the goal that presently boxes or blessings are given to anyone who has offered an assistance over the old twelvemonth: from milkmen to cleaners.The second hypothesis is that Boxing Day is truly connected to the Feast of St Stephen on the 26th of December. One of the seven unique elders of the congregation, St Stephen was appointed to flexibly aid and consideration for widows and the hapless. St Stephen # 8217 ; s Day was the clasp when the congregation donations puts away were opened and the cash inside was dispersed to homeless people and the needy.Boxing Day has likely existed in Britain since the Middle Ages, yet it turned into an open bank get-away in 1871, formally falling on the principal weekday after Christmas. New Year The build of watching the morning of the New Year returns a truly long way so. The old Babylonians are accepted to hold praised the New Year in excess of 4000 mature ages back. They even had the advanced convention of doing revelations to represent a new beginning. Nonetheless, the Babylonians commended the New Year at the primary new Moon after the beginning of spring, fiting the metempsychosis in nature and the beginning of another twelvemonth in agribusiness. The Romans too much started by watching the New Year at some clasp in late March. Be that as it may, the Roman schedule experienced a few difficulties in fiting the movements of the Sun, and despite the fact that the New Year was commended in March, this did non needfully mean that it was being praised in the springtime. At last in 153 BC the Senate pronounced that the beginning of the New Year was to gone ahead January first. It is accepted that the long stretch of January might be named after Janus, an able to use both hand s Roman God, who represented adjustment and metempsychosis. His two appearances thought once again into the old twelvemonth, and frontward into the new. The Roman schedule, in any case, would non in the long run settle until the Julian framework was presented in 46BC. Despite the fact that Julius kept the first of January as the beginning of the New Year, 47BC had been a 445 twenty-four hours twelvemonth, so as to gain the schedule back in accordance with the seasons. As a result the New Year celebrations that the Romans passed on to us were in the focal point of winter. It ought to be noticed that the early

Summer Recap

Summer Recap What’s up guys! It’s been a while since I’ve last blogged, but I’m back for another semester of fun and informational posts for you all. I thought I’d start my first post of the semester with a recap of my summer. This summer, I actually stayed on campus for the first time to work, take a summer course, and apply for grad schools! Working Getting a summer job while in college is a smart choice, especially if you don’t have much to do during those few months. College is expensive, so it’s nice to have some money in your wallet that you can spend on personal things. I worked as an ISTARâ€"Illinois Student Admissions Representativeâ€"and welcomed in the new class of 2023! It was a busy time, but I had a lot of fun and met a lot of new coworkers! I saved up that money, and now I budget my spending over the course of the semester so that I know I’m spending wisely. Summer Class Illinois offers a lot of courses over the summer if you want to get ahead or you’re just interested in taking a fun course to learn more about it! Illinois also offers summer online sessions. You can take challenging and high-demand courses in an online-format from anywhere in the world. The summer can be a time of growing and learning valuable skills to bring you one step closer to graduation. Applying for Graduate Schools I spent a good chunk of my time applying to graduate schools. I utilized resources like writing workshops, the career center for mock interview sessions, and writing tutors at the library as well. If you ever need guidance on how to apply for an internship, a job, graduate schools, etc. the career center is a great place to go with your questions. classes summer work Kripa Class of 2020 I'm majoring in Psychology, minoring in Spanish, and pursuing a pre-dental track. It seems like I’m all over the place, but that’s what I like about college! I get to choose to study what I’m interested in, and I’m happy to be doing just that at Illinois.

Financial Fraud An Intentional Act Of Deception...

In the last year, approximately $32 billion was lost to various fraudulent activates, and it has increased by 38 percent since 2013. These activates range from minor crimes like Skimming to major ones such as Identity Thief, but they fall under the term Financial Fraud. Financial fraud can be broadly defined as an intentional act of deception involving financial transactions for purpose of personal gain. Fraud is a crime, and is also a civil law violation. Many fraud cases involve complicated financial transactions conducted by white collar criminals such as business professionals with specialized knowledge and criminal intent. Financial Frauds are dangerous and can cause harm to everyone no matter how prepared you are. They can affect you in great way and leave you with little or money if not stop. There are many form of fraud and they affect many different people, this paper is to inform you in the risk and the different types of frauds there are, and give certain tips on how to avoid them and be safe from them. It is not possible to count every possible type of fraud. Someone has developed a new variety since you asked the question. Some are felonies. Some are not. Some are felonies in some places and not in others. Some can be felonies or not be felonies in a single jurisdiction depending on the amount involved. But I will only focus on three of them in this paper. The first one will be Identity theft, one of the most well know form of fraud. According to the FBIShow MoreRelatedClarified Statements On Auditing Standards1705 Words   |  7 Pagesaudits of financial statement for period ending on or after December 15, 2014. The clarity project was designed to improve the auditing standards, to make them easier to read, understand and apply. It also converged the standards with the International Standards on Auditing (ISAs). The Auditing Standards Board started the project in 2004 after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was implemented. There was a need for clear standards for auditors after the events that brought the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Also theRead MoreFinancial Fraud, And Identification Of The Different Fraud Types1734 Words   |  7 Pagesvarious types of fraud, in order to aid understanding in regards to the prevention of fraudulent activity. This paper begins with a review of the definition of financial fraud, and identification of the different fraud types. Further, included is an examination of what motivates individuals to commit fraud, including an identification of some of the method in which people commit fraud. A discussion of the importance of the fraud triangle, and how rationalization contribut es to fraud is a key areaRead MoreScams and Fraud in Stock Market5370 Words   |  22 Pagesstock market? | 1 | 2. | What is fraud? | 3 | 3. | Definition of fraud | 4 | 4. | Fraud law amp; legal definition | 5 | 5. | Definition of scam | 7 | 6. | When stock fraud occurs | 8 | 7. | Financial statement fraud | 10 | 8. | Features of security scam | 12 | 9. | How to spot stock scams | 13 | 10. | Avoiding stock market fraud amp; scams | 14 | 11. | IndicatorsRead MoreThe Auditor‚Äà ´s Responsibility to Consider Fraud and Error in an Audit of Financial Statements.2148 Words   |  9 Pagesto Consider Fraud and Error in an Audit of Financial Statements. The Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions established on Safar 1, 1410 Hijri (February 26, 1990) at Algiers and registered in Bahrain on Ramadan 11, 1411 Hijri (March 27, 1991) has so far (April, 2004) set the following Financial Accounting Standards, Auditing Standards, Governance Standards Code of Ethics for Accountants Auditors of Islamic Financial Institutions: ââ€" ¡ Financial Accounting Standard:Read MoreAccountant Responsibility1863 Words   |  8 Pagespaid properly and on time. Accountants analyze and communicate financial information for various entities such as companies, individual clients, and Federal, State, and local governments. The provide accurate information to clients by preparing, analyzing, and verifying financial documents, budget analysis, financial and investment planning, information technology consulting, and limited legal services. They analyze and communicate financial information for various entities such as companies, individualRead MoreThe War On Controlling Fraud And Abuse Essay2014 Words   |  9 Pages The War on Controlling Fraud and Abuse in the Current U.S. Healthcare System Introduction: Healthcare fraud and abuse has become a major issue for the United States healthcare system and affect many the citizens. The National Health Care Anti-Fraud Association (NHCAA) estimates that the financial losses due to health care fraud are in the tens of billions of dollars each year. In 2011, $2.27 trillion was spent on health care and more than four billion health insurance claims were processedRead MoreThe Problem Of Fraud And Abuse Essay1911 Words   |  8 Pages The Problem of Fraud and Abuse in the Current U.S. Healthcare System Introduction: Healthcare fraud and abuse has become a major issue for the United States healthcare system and affect many the citizens. The National Health Care Anti-Fraud Association (NHCAA) estimates that the financial losses due to health care fraud are in the tens of billions of dollars each year. â€Å"In 2011, $2.27 trillion was spent on health care and more than four billion health insurance claims were processed in the UnitedRead MoreAssessing Risk Of Manipulating Over Financial Reporting2067 Words   |  9 Pagesassessing risk of manipulating over financial reporting. Financial statement audit is very important in the functioning of our economy and society expects auditors to exercise due care in their work. Many readers of financial statements believe that auditors have a responsibility to detect all errors, fraud and illegal acts. This is not true. The auditor has a responsibilities to plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements free of material misstatementRead MoreThe Security Of A Bank Transaction, Online Shopping Or Booking Flight Tickets On Our Mobile App8041 Words   |  33 PagesABSTRACT Whether it be transferring of funds, making a bank transaction, online-shopping or booking flight tickets on our mobile app, these things have never been so quick and hassle free as today. Evolution of banking sector has been phenomenal. Moreover, the present, ever expanding, inculcation of digital technology has accommodated, within its premise, a further lag in analyzing the consequential stakes. A common practice of espionage targets both banking institution as well as its customers.Read MoreThe Role of Internal Audit in Prevention of Fraud in Nigeria Banks . a Case Study of Equitorial Bank Lagos.9955 Words   |  40 PagesStudy CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Introduction 2. Types of Bank Frauds 3. Causes of Fraud 4. Effects of Fraud on Banks 5. Internal Audit function 6. Fraud and Internal Audit 7. Fraud Prevention 1. General Measures 2. Specific Preventive Measures 8. Elements of Fraud Auditing 9. Measures of Controlling Fraud in Banks 10. Statement of Internal Audit Standard No. 3 2.10.1 Deterrence of Fraud CHAPTER THREE: Research Methodology 1. Area of Study 2. Research Design

Technology And The Education System Interaction - 1494 Words

Technology and the Education System Interaction Technology has been part of our lives in every different aspect ever since it was created and now we use it in our education system to boost up our knowledge rapidly. The usage of technology can be seen from the increased amount that numerous of each students posses, from smart phones to Ipads. Also in classrooms there are a significant increased amount of technology being used today from computer labs to online classes. Yet, many of these technologies can have disadvantages such as cyber bullying, sexting, and plagiarism, but many great positive advantages in the educational system can out maneuver these bad disadvantages. While many technologies are evolving from all over the schools from k-12, it helps disable students to continue their education with minimal assist, it prepares each students to use any technology out in the real world, and it also helps students to expand their knowledge about the world that they have obtain from th e usage of technology. Technology and education is promoting new individual ways of learning and mobile learning. Both students and teacher are benefiting from this new promotion of new technology for education because these new educational technologies are emerging to switch up the ways of learning. According to the U.S. Department of Education website states, â€Å"48 states and the District of Columbia currently support online learning opportunities that range from supplementing classroomShow MoreRelatedWhy We Expect More From Technology1577 Words   |  7 Pageslife, globally. Technology has advanced communications and economy. 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In â€Å"The Myth of the Ant Queen,† Steven Read More Online Education Essay1173 Words   |  5 PagesOnline Education There is little doubt that a more extensive on-line education system would benefit extremely overcrowded campuses like Cal State Northridge. Although short-term costs may deter colleges from implementing distance learning programs initially, many colleges could save money in the long run. With the technology available, universities should make more efforts to offer more on-line classes. Distance learning is becoming more and more prevalent across campuses and is likely to continueRead MoreNursing Informatics: Telecommunications in Healthcare1618 Words   |  6 Pagescommunication systems such as telephone, internet, laptops, and other networking concepts in the improvement of services to the patients. This method is vital in enhancing the accessibility of the remote areas through provision of quality services, implementation of technology, emotional support, and interactive or educative environment. In this research paper, the focus will be on the description of telecommunications, advantages, disadvantages, and significance of the concepts and technologies in theRead MoreE Learning Is An Online Learning Method1393 Words   |  6 Pageslearners very effectively by application information technology and internet technology. Here ‘E’ stands not only for electronic, but also ease of use, effective, extension, engagement and so on. It is quite popular now. In the system of e-learning, there are lots of resources such as data, file information, programs, tutoring software and seminars. These resources form a highly comprehensive and centralized database. An e-learning system forms interaction between learners and teachers. It updates, storesRead MoreUsability, Interaction, And Visualization1090 Words   |  5 PagesUsability, Interaction, and Visualization The trends for usability, interaction, and visualization consider interoperability. Scholars showed that the European Commission (EC) are promoting networked enterprise information system interoperability (Agostinho et al., 2015, p. 5). They are complementing research in the U.S. and Asia to become â€Å"breeding environments towards novel knowledge-based approaches that could improve a future model-driven sustainable interoperability† (Agostinho et al., 2015Read MoreE Learning And Its Impact On Our Classrooms And How It Has Changed The Way We Grasp Information1292 Words   |  6 PagesAs we rewind back in time there was a point where technology was non-existing inside our schools and even our everyday lifestyles. We depended on our basic textbooks and daily newspapers to relay information in a detailed manner in which we can understand and learn. As time continued to pass learning has begun to flourish in every aspect imaginable.   Computers have made human’s life s o easy and comfortable like never before. Starting from communication to learning and shopping everything is so instant

The Importance of Setting Free Essays

The path to becoming an adult is lined with a variety of childhood and adolescent experiences, some more painful than others. In T. Coraghessen Boyle’s short story, â€Å"Greasy Lake,† Boyle masterfully uses the setting and the protagonist’s experience to teach us an old but vital lesson: those who choose not to learn and grow from their past mistakes are destined to repeat them, and thus will never mature and realize their true potential. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Setting or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the beginning of the story, the main character (who also happens to be the narrator) depicts his adolescence as â€Å"a time when courtesy†¦went out of style, when it was good to be bad, when you cultivated decadence like a taste† (621). The three thought of themselves as dangerous characters, riding around town wreaking havoc. However, it seems unclear to the main character and his two friends that in reality, they are not actually bad characters. Really bad characters don’t drive their â€Å"parents’ whining station wagons† (621) or read intellectual French novels by Andre Gide. Boyle gives us a general thought that these three boys are just your ordinary, everyday, misguided juvenile delinquents with an unclear view of what it really means to be a man. Later in the story, the narrator depicts a scene at the main setting of â€Å"Greasy Lake. † There, the three boys provoke who is described as the â€Å"very bad character† (623). The events that took place led the three to realize the ugly truth: they are nothing more than just three kids on an adventure for the night; little did they know what was in store for them. After a lengthy description of the fight that took place between the four characters, the three boys find themselves attempting to rape the girl that was accompanying the â€Å"very bad character. † Luckily, before they can go any farther, another vehicle pulls into the scene, scaring the boys as the flee away. They all run in different directions, leaving them all separated from each other. The main character, with no place else to hide, plunges into the greasy lake. The water is completely contaminated; â€Å"it was fetid and murky, the mud banks glittering with broken glass and strewn with beer cans and the charred remains of bonfires† (622). The setting of â€Å"Greasy Lake† contributes to the plot in a sense of the troubles of the three teenage boys. Much of the story takes place at Greasy Lake, which is not an ordinary, everyday, swimming with the family type of lake. There are crowded trees, which draws a picture of a dark forest with very little light seeping through. The island in the middle of the lake has little or no vegetation, giving the reader a feeling of death. It is also littered with things such as beer cans, broken glass, and bonfire remains. These are items that make you think of loss of control, violence, or even destruction. These ideas could surely lead to something bad happening. The water itself is described as â€Å"fetid and murky† (622). There are two different aspects of time to consider when looking at â€Å"Greasy Lake. † First of all, there is the fact that it is 2 a. m. The middle of the night is commonly a time of day when bad things occur. It is probably considered that the good, peaceful people are at home in bed. Therefore, if someone is up and about they are most likely wreaking havoc. Secondly, there is the year that the story takes place. It was written in the eighties, and it takes place in a time when â€Å"it was good to be bad† (621). Therefore, it is likely that something bad is sure to occur. The setting also serves a very important purpose to most stories by evoking a certain atmosphere. Work Cited Boyle, T. Coraghessan. â€Å"Greasy Lake. † 621 Kirszner, Laurie G. , and Stephen R. Mandell, eds. Literature: Reading, Writing. 8th ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2013 Print. How to cite The Importance of Setting, Papers

Discourse Critique and Evaluation

Question: Discuss about theDiscourse for Critique and Evaluation. Answer: Introduction: The act of making nuisances on someone elses property is not a good thing. There are also certain exceptions, such as- if prior permission has been taken by the owner of the building, then graffiti is not a bad thing. It is agreed that graffiti encourages talent and encourages art in the society (Watzlawik, 2014). This is also a source of livelihood for some people. If there is a common message that needs to be communicated to a large audience, then graffiti is the best medium to do so (Watzlawik, 2014). It can also be used as a medium for social development. There are street artists all over the world who sponsor art centers in economically backward neighborhoods. The problem arises when it is completely unauthorized. When it destroys the buildings, then it is equivalent to a crime. The owners of the properties have the right to maintain a clean and nice appearance of their buildings (Ashurst, 2016). The graffiti gives the building a dirty appearance (Ashurst, 2016). There are visually unpleasant art forms that are sometimes offensive to specific sections of the society. When they are displayed on the walls, it creates a bad atmosphere in the localities. The costs of repairs of the buildings are also high, which creates a negative image of graffiti. It also reduces the resale value of the buildings. There are three disagreements to the statement of the author. He has stated that graffiti is acceptable all over the world, but there is considerable doubt regarding the actual number of supporters of graffiti. People are yet to accept graffiti. This is because of the existing tarnished image of the same. There is a pre-conceived notion that graffiti is equivalent to vandalism and hence it is bad (Frabetti, 2015). It creates a bad effect on the environment and hence it cannot be accepted by the people. Secondly, the author states that vandalism is an art, which is absolutely not true. A destruction to the public property cannot be an art. The graffiti can be considered as an art form, however, the medium of art delivery, is not quite favorable. The vandalism can be equated with violence, which is not acceptable by the modern society. Thirdly, the author argues that a suitable legislation is required to support graffiti; however, the law cannot give permission to trespass. In fact, th e law considers graffiti as a serious offense, which is often penalized (Davies, 2012). Conclusion It is true that art needs open expression to prove its true worth. The author is correct in stating that the people are changing their perception towards graffiti. The graffiti is beneficial in several ways, however, it is considered as a ruthless act, by a major section of people. The invasion of ones privacy without his/her consent cannot be a nice idea. It degrades the modern day environment. The art can be expressed in other forms too. It is not mandatory to express art through graffiti. This is the cause why there are not sufficient laws protecting the street artists. References Ashurst, N. (2016).Cleaning Historic Buildings: V. 1: Substrates, Soiling and Investigation. Routledge. Davies, J. (2012). Art Crimes: Theoretical Perspectives on Copyright Protection for Illegally-Created Graffiti Art.Me. L. Rev.,65, 27. Frabetti, A. C. (2015). Youth graffiti vandalism: liminal perspectives in the light of masculinity, social contract theory and transformative process. Watzlawik, M. (2014). The art of identity developmentGraffiti painters moving through time and space.Culture Psychology,20(3), 404-415.

Billy Sunday Essays - Christian Fundamentalism,

Billy Sunday Billy Sunday For almost a quarter century Billy Sunday was a household name in the United States. Between 1902 when he first made the pages of the New York Times and 1935 when the paper covered his death and memorial service in detail, people who knew anything about current events had heard of the former major league baseball player who was preaching sin and salvation to large crowds all over America. Not everyone who knew of the famous evangelist liked him. Plenty of outspoken critics spoke of his flashy style and criticized his conservative doctrines. But he had hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of loyal defenders, and they were just as loud in their praise as the critics were in their criticism. Whether people stood for or against the Reverend William A. Sunday, they all agreed that it was difficult to be indifferent toward him. The religious leader was so extraordinarily popular, opinionated, and vocal that indifference was the last thing that he would get from people. His most loyal admirers were confident that this rural-breed preacher was Gods mouthpiece, calling Americans to repentance. Sundays critics said that at best he was a well-meaning buffoon whose sermons vulgarized and trivialized the Christian message and at worst he was a disgrace to the name of Christ (Dorsett 2). There are elements of truth in both of these views. He was often guilty of oversimplifying biblical truths, and at times he spoke more out of ignorance than a heavenly viewpoint. He was also a man with numerous flaws. He spoiled his children, giving them everything that they asked for. He put enormous responsibility on his wife, burdening her with many aspects of his ministry. He always noticeably sought the Oswalt / 2 applause of the crowd for his own praise. He often confused the will of God with his own social and political agenda. He even sometimes compared the gospel of Jesus Christ with special interest and American foreign policy. Nevertheless, Billy Sunday was a sincere man whose life was fundamentally changed by his response to an evangelists call to repent of his sins, to believe that Jesus Christ died in his place for those sins, and to follow Christ in thanksgiving by worshiping and obeying him. Following this spiritual rebirth, the convert became deeply devoted to Jesus Christ. A devotion manifested in living out many of the teachings of Christ as found in the New Testaments four Gospels. The professional baseball player became a regular churchgoer. He also studied Scripture and became unusually generous toward the needy. Furthermore, Sunday was constrained by an obsession to tell others how he had finally found inner peace and a more purposeful life. At first through lectures and then in sermons, he related how Jesus Christ gave him a new life of meaning, peace, and hope. This same gospel, he said, would similarly transform others. The evidence is overwhelmingly that it did. If Billy Sunday was sincere devoted, and motivated, he was also a product of his times and an example of the culture and morals of middle America. On the other hand, Sunday took many stands against popular beliefs, and he persuaded multitudes to join him in a war against many of the modernistic ideas of the time that he saw as evil. As he once summarized his opinion so well, What this world needs is a tidal wave of reform (Sunday Satan 24). Oswalt / 3 It is true that Sunday was a showman who craved an audience and loved applause. But he also touched the lives of countless men and women of all social classes, helping them escape various forms of personal bondage and find freedom in the gospel. And if he did not convert all of urban America to his brand of Christianity, he at least played a major role in helping to keep conservative biblical Christianity alive in this century (Dorsett 3). To understand fully why he thought, lived, preached, and teached the way he did, we should look at his upbringing and conversion experience. William Ashley Sunday was born on November 19, 1862. His father, a union private, would die of pneumonia just five weeks later, three days before Christmas, in a cold, damp

Fish Weir - Ancient Fishing Tool of Hunter-Gatherers

Fish Weir - Ancient Fishing Tool of Hunter-Gatherers A fish weir or fish trap is a human-made structure built of stone, reeds, or wooden posts placed within the channel of a stream or at the edge of a tidal lagoon intended to capture fish as they swim along with the current. Fish traps are part of many small-scale fisheries around the world today, supporting subsistence farmers and sustaining people during difficult periods. When they are built and maintained following traditional ecological methodologies, they are secure ways for people to support their families. However, local management ethics have been undermined by colonial governments. For example, in the 19th century, British Columbias government passed laws to prohibit fisheries established by First Nations people. A revitalization effort is underway. Some evidence of their ancient and continuing use is found in the wide variety of names still used for fish weirs: fish impoundment, tidal weir, fishtrap or fish-trap, weir, yair, coret, gorad, kiddle, visvywer, fyshe herdes, and passive trapping. Types of Fish Weirs Regional differences are apparent in construction techniques or materials used, species harvested, and of course terminology, but the basic format and theory is the same world-wide. Fish weirs vary in size from a small temporary brush frameworks to extensive complexes of stone walls and channels. Fish traps on rivers or streams are circular, wedge-shaped, or ovoid rings of posts or reeds, with an upstream opening. The posts are often connected by basketry netting or wattle fences: the fish swim in and are trapped within the circle or upstream of the current. Tidal fish traps are typically solid low walls of boulders or blocks built across gullies: the fish swim across the top of the wall at spring high tides, and as the water recedes with the tide, they are trapped behind it. These types of fish weirs are often considered a form of fish farming (sometimes called aquaculture), since the fish can live in the trap for a period until they are harvested. Often, according to ethnographic research, the fish weir is regularly dismantled at the beginning of the spawning season, so fish may freely find mates. Invention and Innovation The earliest fish weirs known were made by complex hunter-gatherers all over the world during the Mesolithic of Europe, the Archaic period in North America, the Jomon in Asia, and other similarly dated hunter-gatherer cultures around the world. Fish traps were used well into the historic period by many groups of hunter-gatherers, and in fact still are, and ethnographic information about historic fish weir use has been gathered from North America, Australia, and South Africa. Historical data has also been collected from medieval period fish weir use in the UK and Ireland. What weve learned from these studies gives us information about the methods of fish trapping, but also about the importance of fish to hunter-gatherer societies and at least a glimmer of light into traditional ways of life. Dating Fishtraps Fish weirs are difficult to date, in part some of them were used for decades or centuries and were dismantled and rebuilt in the same locations. The best dates come from radiocarbon assays on wooden stakes or basketry which were used to construct the trap, which only dates the latest rebuild. If a fish trap was completely dismantled, the likelihood that it left evidence is very slim. Fishbone assemblages from adjacent middens have been used as a proxy for the use of a fish weir. Organic sediments such as pollen or charcoal in the bottoms of traps have also been used. Other methods used by scholars include identifying local environmental changes such as changing sea level or the formation of sandbars that would impact the weirs use. Recent Studies The earliest known fish traps to date are from Mesolithic sites in marine and freshwater locations in the Netherlands and Denmark, dated to between 8,000 and 7,000 years ago. In 2012, scholars reported new dates on the Zamostje 2 weirs near Moscow, Russia, of more than 7,500 years ago. Neolithic and Bronze Age wooden structures are known at Wooton-Quarr on the Isle of Wight and along the shores of the Severn estuary in Wales. The Band e-Dukhtar irrigation works of the Achaemenid dynasty of the Persian Empire, which includes a stone weir, dates between 500–330 BCE. Muldoons Trap Complex, a stone-walled fish trap at Lake Condah in western Victoria, Australia, was constructed 6600 calendar years ago (cal BP) by removing basalt bedrock to create a bifurcated channel. Excavated by Monash University and the local Gundijmara Aboriginal community, Muldoons is an eel-trapping facility, one of many located near Lake Condah. It has a complex of at least 350 meters of constructed channels running alongside an ancient lava flow corridor. It was used as recently as the 19th century to trap fish and eels, but excavations reported in 2012 included AMS radiocarbon dates of 6570–6620 cal BP. The earliest weirs in Japan are currently associated with the transition from hunting and gathering to farming, generally at the end of the Jomon period (ca. 2000–1000 BC). In southern Africa, stone-walled fishtraps (called visvywers) are known but not direct-dated as of yet. Rock art paintings and fish bone assemblages from marine sites there suggest dates between 6000 and 1700 BP. Fish weirs have also been recorded in several locations in North America. The oldest appears to be the Sebasticook Fish Weir in central Maine, where a stake returned a radiocarbon date of 5080 RCYPB (5770 cal BP). Glenrose Cannery at the mouth of the Fraser River in British Columbia dates to about 4000–4500 RCYBP (4500-5280 cal BP). Fish weirs in southeastern Alaska date to ca. 3,000 years ago. A Few Archaeological Fish Weirs Asia:  Asahi (Japan), Kajiko (Japan)Australia:  Muldoons Trap Complex (Victoria), Ngarrindjeri (South Australia)Middle East/West Asia:  Hibabiya  (Jordan),  Band-e Dukhtar  (Turkey)North America:  Sebasticook (Maine),  Boylston Street Fish Weir  (Massachusetts), Glenrose Cannery (British Columbia), Big Bear (Washington), Fair Lawn-Paterson Fish Weir (New Jersey)UK:  Gorad-y-Gyt (Wales), Wooton-Quarry (Isle of Wight), Blackwater estuary weirs (Essex), Ashlett Creek (Hampshire)dRussia:  Zamostje 2 The Future of Fish Trapping Some government-sponsored programs have been funded to blend traditional fish weir knowledge from indigenous peoples with scientific research. The purpose of these efforts is to make fish weir construction safe and productive while maintaining ecological balances and keeping the costs and materials within the range of families and communities, especially in the face of climate change. One such recent study is described by Atlas and colleagues, on weir construction for the exploitation of sockeye salmon in British Columbia. That combined work by members of the Heiltsuk Nation and Simon Fraser University to rebuild weirs on the Koeye River, and establish fish population monitoring. A STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education program has been developed (Kern and colleagues) to engage students in the construction of fish weirs, the Fish Weir Engineering Challenge. Sources Atlas, William I., et al. Ancient Fish Weir Technology for Modern Stewardship: Lessons from Community-Based Salmon Monitoring. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 3.6 (2017): 1341284. Print.Cooper, John P., et al. A Saxon Fish Weir and Undated Fish Trap Frames near Ashlett Creek, Hampshire, Uk: Static Structures on a Dynamic Foreshore. Journal of Maritime Archaeology 12.1 (2017): 33–69. Print.Jeffery, Bill. Reviving Community Spirit: Furthering the Sustainable, Historical and Economic Role of Fish Weirs and Traps. Journal of Maritime Archaeology 8.1 (2013): 29–57. Print.Kennedy, David. Recovering the Past from above Hibabiya - an Early Islamic Village in the Jordanian Desert? Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 22.2 (2011): 253–60. Print.Kern, Anne, et al. The Fish Weir: A Culturally Relevant Stem Activity. Science Scope 30.9 (2015): 45–52. Print.Langouà «t, Loà ¯c, and Marie-Yvane Daire. Ancient Maritime Fish-Traps of Brittany (France): A Reappraisal of the Relationship between Human and Coastal Environment During the Holocene. Journal of Maritime Archaeology 4.2 (2009): 131–48. Print. Losey, Robert. Animism as a Means of Exploring Archaeological Fishing Structures on Willapa Bay, Washington, USA. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 20.01 (2010): 17–32. Print.McNiven, Ian J., et al. Dating Aboriginal Stone-Walled Fishtraps at Lake Condah, Southeast Australia. Journal of Archaeological Science 39.2 (2012): 268–86. Print.OSullivan, Aidan. Place, Memory and Identity among Estuarine Fishing Communities: Interpreting the Archaeology of Early Medieval Fish Weirs. World Archaeology 35.3 (2003): 449–68. Print.Ross, Peter J. Ngarrindjeri Fish Traps of the Lower Murray Lakes and Northern Coorong Estuary, South Australia. MSc, Maritime Archaeology. Flinders University of South Australia, 2009. Print.Saha, Ratan K., and Dilip Nath. Indigenous Technical Knowledge (Itk) of Fish Farmers at Dhalai District of Tripura, Ne India. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 12.1 (2013): 80–84. Print.Takahashi, Ryuzaburou. Symbiotic Relations between Paddy-Field R ice Cultivators and Hunter-Gatherer-Fishers in Japanese Prehistory: Archaeological Considerations of the Transition from the Jomon Age to the Yayoi Age. Senri Ethnological Studies. Eds. Ikeya, K., H. Ogawa and P. Mitchell. Vol. 732009. 71–98. Print.

Community Involvement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Community Involvement - Essay Example The villagers lived in one location for mutual protection and the sharing of resources. From these simple beginning we have evolved a very complex structure of governance and social services, and volunteer community action is a primary support of that structure. Basically it begins when somebody notices that something needs to be done or changed, and that person decides to do something about it. It can be as simple as organizing a few people to paint a wall or as complicated as setting up a permanent community service organization. Of course, the more complex the project, the more people will be required and the more difficult it will be to organize. In this paper we will examine the methodology and functioning of community action as it applies to North American culture, specifically the United States. The scope of this paper does not allow space to examine community action in other cultures, though there are most certainly many similarities. Other cultures and government systems also have many differences. What motivates individuals to become volunteers or even to lead community action is different for each person. However, the best motivation is a desire to make their environment a better place to live. What makes any town or city a good place to live? The answer is really simple: healthy happy inhabitants. So we want to eliminate anything which damages health or happiness. This means we want to eliminate crime, health hazards in all their forms, substance abuse, severe poverty, pollution of all sorts and urban blight. Governments try to work on all of these, but local volunteer action is necessary also, because government simply cannot and should not do it all. We must remember that the more we expect government to do, the less freedom we will have. Therefore, we should all support volunteer based community action. Some volunteers will say it is a desire to help others or to give

Most influential event in American history from 1750 to present Essay

Most influential event in American history from 1750 to present - Essay Example This paper examines the devastating impacts of the Japanese operation on United States of America later well-known as Pearl Harbor attacks and as result unprecedented reactions from the people of America. Attacks on the Pearl Harbor navy station enhanced the unity of American nation in their decision to fight and defeat their opponent. Pearl Harbor attacks provoked the United States’ participation in the Second World War and reorganization of its national security. United States had experienced other attacks that took place earlier to the Pearl Harbor. However, none of them was as destructive and surprising as the Pearl Harbor attacks. Additionally, the attack was the first to be conducted in the territory of American State. The military assault began in the morning of December 7, 1941 and it targeted American navy stationed in the Pearl Harbor. According to John Toland, the Pearl Harbor attacks were planned and executed by the Imperial Japanese Army. During all the period, th e Second World War had been going on for two years but the United States of America had not yet joined the conflict. Japan, Italy, and Germany as the main aggressors were concerned about the imminent involvement of the United States of America in the war. Due to the apparent dominance of the American navy, the Japanese military premeditated the Pearl Harbor assault to prevent United States of America from joining war by weakening its naval facility.

Muhammad Haji Salleh Poetry Analysis

Muhammad Haji Salleh Poetry Analysis Wikipedia defined that self-identity is the mental and conceptual understanding and persistent regard that sentient beings hold for their own existence. In other words, it is the sum total of a beings knowledge and understanding of his or her self. Components of the self-concept include physical, psychological, and social attributes, which can be influenced by the individuals attitudes, habits, beliefs and ideas. These components and attributes can be condensed to the general concepts of self-image and the self-esteem. In our own culture and society, we are taught by our parents and the elderly to value or own culture and custom and must not feel that we are superior to others after we had accumulated a lot of new knolwedges and experiences. We should not turn our back to our own society, roots and land after we had been abroad but we should be proud of our own identity. This is what is lacking in most of us in our community. We tend to forget our roots and we are not proud of being part of a particular culture or race. In this research paper, I have choosen to analyze two masterpiece from our Malaysian writer.This study is based on Muhammad Haji Sallehs poems, which is si tenggang homecoming and the traveler .The overall aim of this paper is to analyze and discuss the portrayal of the theme searching of self-identity. In this research paper, I will also include the two poems implications of using these two poems towards education. 2.0 Background of the author Muhammad Haji Salleh (1942- ) is a well-known Malaysian poet, critic, translator, editor and researcher. He is the sixth Malaysian Laureate. He was born on 26th March 1942 in Taping, Perak. Muhammad had most of his education in Malaysia; he received his early education at Bukit Mertajam High School and Malay College Kuala Kangsar. However, he did his teacher training at Lodge Teacher Training College in England. He obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Malaya (Singapore), Masters of Arts from the University of Malaya in 1970 and a Ph.D from University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America in 1973. In 1977, he was a Professor under the Fullbright-Hays programme and taught at the North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA. He is a professor at the Department of Malay Letters in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and was once appointed as the Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Social Science and Humanities as well as Head of Institute of Malay Language and Liter ature. Muhammad Haji Salleh is the only Malaysian poet who is studied in the Literature English programme. 3.0 The Authors Writing Career Muhammad Haji Salleh began writing poetry in 1963 when he was a student at the Malayan Teachers College, Brinsford Lodge, England. Muhammad started writing much earlier but only towards the late 1960s that he became well known in Malaysia. Muhammad has lived much of his life abroad in the United States while he is pursuing his studies and most of his poems are written in English. As his educational background was centered on Bahasa Malaysia and English language, he writes in both languages. Later, he devoted much of his time to write in Bahasa Malaysia. He often translated his own Malay poems and other local Malay poems into English. T.S.Eliot and W.H.Auden who he admired influenced the English poems that he wrote. The beauty of the language and the messages convey in the poems written by these two poets had inspired Muhammad Haji Salleh to write English poems. Muhammad Haji Salleh has received various awards for his works, both at national and international levels. Muhammad won the Asean Literary Award in Bangkok, Thailand. A Number of his poems won various prizes and in 1972, he was awarded the Asean Literary Award for his anthology of poems Perjalanan si Tenggang II, which was subsequently translated in English in 1979.He was made a National Laureate in 1991 and was awarded the Hadiah Sastera Kebangsaan in 1976, the Australian Cultural Award to Asian Artists in 1975 and the Asean Literary Award (Poetry) in 1977. Writing both in Bahasa Malaysia and English, Muhammad has devoted his life to the development of the Malaysian literary tradition. He is not only well known as a poet but also as a literary scholar. As a post-colonial poet and a professor of literature, Muhammad is known for his passionate quest for identity. In fact, the quest of identity is reflected in his poems especially in the outstanding collections of Poems of the Outsider (1973), The Travel Journals of Si Tenggang II (1979), Time and Its People (1978), Poems from the Malay Annals (1981) and Rowing Down Two Rivers (2000). 4.0 Background of The Poems: si tenggangs homecoming and the traveler Muhammad is known for his passionate quest for identity through his writings. It is very clear that his works explore the human condition and problems related to individuality and community life. These two poems: si tenggang homecoming and the traveler are able to portray Malay traditions, culture and beliefs because it deals with a universal theme, which are the issue of identity, selfhood and the essence of being oneself. Both of these poems reflect the poets concern for the Malay society and explore the human condition and problems related to identity. Muhammad consistently wrote about the theme of seeking for self-identity because he lived most of his life abroad and influenced by the western world, where he stayed there for many years but he never forgot that he belongs to the Malay society; his mother tongue is Malay which is the language of his native land. Although he writes in English but he still talks about the village life, the city and its people and the Malay society as a whole. That is why both of these poem generally consist of encourages criticisms or opinions that differ from the Malay culture. It is because traditional society generally does not encourage criticisms or opinions that differ from accepted beliefs or those, which have been taken to be a way of life. 5.0 Discussion on si tenggangs homecoming and the traveler. Si tenggangs homecoming poem consists of six stanzas. Upon closer study, it is a reflection of si tenggangs experiences as a traveler, who had been abroad for a while and returned to his homeland. The persona is telling the reader that in the process of discovering himself; he has not lost his sense of inheritance and roots. This can be seen through stanza 3, line 31-34,

Greed and Power in Macbeth Essay

Macbeth’s ambition is the sole cause of the whole tragedy. Do you agree? From reading the novel Macbeth it is evident that Macbeth’s ambition is one of the sole causes of the whole tragedy but not the only sole cause. Though he has thought about murdering Duncan, his only motive for murdering Duncan is â€Å"vaulting ambition† which shows that without the persuasions of his wife the whole tragedy would have never happened. Lady Macbeth often seems to control Macbeth by manipulating him or by direct order. Her plans work with remarkable effectiveness, overriding all his objections and questioning his manhood when he hesitates to murder, until he feels he has to commit murder to prove himself. It is her deep-seated ambition, rather than her husband’s that ultimately propels the plot of the play by goading Macbeth to murder Duncan. The Witches prophecy is also a sole cause in the tragedy because it fuels Macbeth’s ambition and gives him an overwhelming desire for power. We first hear of Macbeth as a brave and capable warrior (from the Bloody Captain). However after meeting with the witches we can see that he has consuming ambition and a tendency to self-doubt. This is shown after he is prophesised to be King by the Three Witches. The prediction that he is going to be King brings him great joy but also inner turmoil as he imagines himself killing Duncan. Macbeth’s ambition is powerful and he does not need any help coming up with the idea of murdering Duncan, but it seems unlikely that he would have committed the murder without his wife’s powerful taunts and persuasions. Before he kills Duncan, Macbeth is plagued by worry and almost aborts the crime. It takes Lady Macbeth’s steely sense of purpose to push him into the deed. However desperate he is for that crown he would not have murdered Duncan. This suggests that unlike Lady Macbeth, he has a conscience. And this comes to trouble him along with uncontrollable guilt after murdering Duncan. Lady Macbeth is stronger, more ruthless and more ambitious than her husband. After reading the letter sent to her by Macbeth she is already plotting Duncan’s murder. She is convinced that he is too moral to commit the murder, saying that he is â€Å"too full o’ th’ milk of human kindness†. .At one point she wishes that she were not a woman so that she could do it herself. Even her husband implies that she is a masculine soul inhabiting a female body. Although she appears to hold herself together after the murder and steadies her husband’s nerves immediately after the rime has been perpetrated, saying â€Å"what’s done, is done. † and merely trying to treat Macbeth’s guilty hallucinations with the blandest possible palliative. Afterwards however she begins a slow slide into madness. As she sleepwalks she mutters, as if to Macbeth, â€Å"What’s done cannot be undone†. Just as ambition affects her more strongly than Macbeth before the crime, so does guilt plague her more strongly afterward. Sh e has been reduced to sleepwalking through the castle, desperately trying to wash away an invisible bloodstain. Once the guilt truly gets to her she commits suicide showing her inability to deal with their past crimes The Three Witches lurk like dark thoughts and unconscious temptations to evil. Their mischief is a combination of two things- their supernatural powers and their ability to understand the weakness of their targets—they play upon Macbeth’s ambition like puppeteers. Despite the absurdity of their â€Å"eye of newt and toe of frog† recipes, they are clearly the most dangerous characters in the play, being immensely powerful and extremely wicked. The prediction (if it is a prediction) they tell Macbeth compels him to ponder on killing his King. Macbeth kills many thinking that he is invincible because the witches said that Macbeth can’t be killed unless that man is born of a woman. When Birnam Wood moves to Dunsinane, Macbeth knows that he is going to be killed. The Witches prophecy, along with Lady Macbeth’s ruthlessness and ambition are the causes for the tragedy. Macbeth shows us that too much ambition and thirst for power will lead to your ultimate destruction.

Hugh’s character Essay

The final story, which Hugh tells, incorporates the many criticisms of Hugh’s character. He covers up his own failings and inadequacies as a defence mechanism and reiterates this by saying to Owen, ‘to remember everything is a form of madness. ‘ This story is almost a turning point of Hugh’s character and for the audience’s interruption of his character. Hugh is no longer a two dimensional caricature but a real character with human attributes, hence why we can be critical and admirable towards him. After all, Hugh is a self-educated man with a vast depth of knowledge of the Classics, speaking four languages, that we know of, Greek, Latin, Gaelic and English; nearly all of which he would have to have taught himself. He seems to be driven to share his knowledge. By teaching the Classics in his environment of rural poverty, himself a picture of poor ragged countryman, we must appreciate his drive and ability. Hugh also formed the ‘Hedge School’ well as far as we know. He is attempting to educate the locals and one almost feels that he has taken the school from the hedge lines into the barn and still as an old man in his early sixties he has the ambition to move onward and upward to a new position at the new national school. He is clearly a figure in the local community who is looked up and respected by his peers and students alike. In addition, Yolland has a great deal of respect for him, calling him † an astute man. ‘ Yolland almost has more respect for Hugh than Owen does because Owen continues to be critical of him and Yolland repeats, ‘But so astute,’ almost placing Hugh on a pedestal. In addition, as an audience you have to respect his ability to cope with his situation, his wife has died and his sons are without a mother. It is easy to be critical of Hugh but you have to admire his ability to cope with the hard reality of the times he is living in even if that means trying to erase the past. After all he did live in an age of hand to mouth existence and he almost blocks out the reality of these hardships. His survival mechanism is a natural and human instinct. We cannot really blame him for wanting to live in an unrealistic world of Greek myth and Latin past. Neither can you chastise his drinking. His lifestyle and the stress of his situation is what drives him to drink and you cannot really fault him for that. All of these small but simple gestures that Friel incorporates into Hugh’s character are what make us as an audience have admiration for him. Friel does not create a stereotypical character, but a ‘fully-rounded’ individual with human qualities, it is these qualities, which allow us as an audience to both admire and criticise his character.

The Cost of Fighting for Social Justice and the Common Good

What is the cost of fighting for social justice and the common good? When a person decides to set about on the journey of pursuing the good life they will face many challenges and obstacles. The good life is making decisions and executing actions that in the end will make an individual happy. But it is also satisfying a purpose in life. One cannot attain a good life throughout their lifetime if they did not serve a purpose. Moreover, increasing the happiness of others and society as a whole is another purpose in life. The goal will come with much fulfillment, but also with an unavoidable cost. The costs of the good life are limitation. These costs may be financially, physically, morally, or even psychologically. If one were supposed to achieve a purpose, they would not be able to do everything they want to do in life. They are restricted in the time received and in what journey they decide to take. Therefore, the price is unlimited freedom. In order for a person to pursue a good lif e, he or she cannot have unlimited freedom, they should be focused and strong-minded in their rationale to better others and society as a whole. As seen in A Letter from Birmingham Jail and Hobson’s choice, we are each striving to achieve social justice and the common good; however, achieving this often means sacrificing individual comfort and giving up close relationships with people who surround us. These sacrifices incline to disturb valid efforts in obtaining what we are fighting for. ThisShow MoreRelatedThe Fight for Social Justice Essay892 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen proven that often, the fight for social justice and the common good comes at a great cost to those involved. Through writings such as Dr. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† and Sophocles’ â€Å"Antigone†, as well as, lectures such as Dr.Colbourn’s lecture â€Å"Confronting History and the Good Life: Life after Rosewood† it is demonstrated how life, freedom, and a normal everyday life suffer as a cost of fighting for social justice and the common good. To begin with, Dr. Martin Luther KingRead MoreMountains beyond Mountains: Dr. Paul Farmer Essay example1336 Words   |  6 Pagestreatment, no matter their ability to pay. Dr. Farmer makes sacrifices and advocates for the poor throughout his journey, showing the rest of the world how one man can make a difference. Global Social Welfare Haiti is a prime example of how human needs in one area of the world are interdependent with social conditions elsewhere in the world. Haiti, for most of its history has been overwhelmed with economic mismanage and political violence. 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